Citations - Retired SP 2020

If you quote information from the source word for word or paraphrase a specific passage, you need to include an in-text citation. There are three pieces of information that the reader needs to see: the authors name, the date of publication, and the page numbers. 

Examples:
1. According to Smith (2018:101), "The stark differences observed were startling."

• In this example: Smith is the author of a work published in 2018 with that quote on page 11.

2. Jenkins asserts that the average family does not eat their meals together (2016:112-15). 

• In this example: Jenkins is the author of a work published in 2016 with that information about family meals between the pages of 112 and 115. 

3. Homelessness reduces a persons access to healthcare and education (Johnson 2015:78). 

• In this example, Johnson is the author of a work published in 2015 with this information on Page 11.  

When you summarize the overall content of a source, you need to include the source author's last name and the year the source was published at either the beginning or end of the sentence. 

Examples:
1. Smith (2018) discussed how conflict theory could be applied to understand racism.

2. Various aspects of conflict theory can be applied to understand racism (Smith 2018).