APA Style

Citations can often feel confusing due to missing or hard to find information. Remember the four guiding questions (who, when, what, and where) that can keep you on the right track. If you need help meet with a reference librarian through Jefferson's tutoring services or on Ask a Librarian who can help you format your citations.

For journal articles include the following information in your citation:

Author's last name, Author's first initial, Author's middle initial. (Date). Title of the article. Title of the journal, volume number(issue number), page numbers. https://doi.com/xx.xxxx/yyyy 

Example: 

Brook, E. J., & Buizert, C. (2018). Antarctic and global climate history viewed from ice cores. Nature, 558(7709), 200-208. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0172-5

For books follow the format: 

Author's last name, Author's first initial, Author's middle initial. (Date). Title of the book. Publisher name.

Example: 

Yang, A. (2018). The war on normal people: The truth about America's disappearing jobs and why universal basic income is our future. Hachette Books.

eBooks follow the same format as physical books with the addition of the DOI or nondatabase URL after the publisher's name. 

Author's last name, Author's first initial, Author's middle initial. (Date). Title of the book. Publisher name. DOI or nondatabase URL.

If the eBook, you are citing does not have a DOI and comes from a database, then you cite it exactly like a print book. 

For webpages follow the following format: 

Author's last name, Author's first initial, Author's middle initial. (Date). Title of work. Site name. URL

Note: Sometimes the author will be a group or organization instead of an individual. If the author and the site name are the same, only ue the name as the author and do not add a site name. 

Example: 

Pham, Cammi. (2014, April 29). 7 things you need to stop doing to be more productive, backed by science. Medium. https://medium.com/s/story/7-things-you-need-to-stop-doing-to-be-more-productive-backed-by-science-a988c17383a6

Audiovisual sources are a bit different than written works. For instance, the author can be a director, producer, host, artist, or uploader. You'll also need to describe the audiovisual type in square brackets after the title and before the period. Examples of this can include [Film], [TV series], [Video], [Song], etc. Follow the general format: 

Author's last name, Author's first initial, Author's middle initial. (Date). Title of video [Type]. Production company. URL 

Examples: 

Gendler, A. (2020, March). How the world's largest underwater tunnel was built [Video]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/alex_gendler_how_the_world_s_longest_underwater_tunnel_was_built?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare