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MLA has created a template that can be used to help you determine which elements are required and quick guide. The first example featuring an article in a print journal is especially helpful.
MLA is a flexible citation style. Use the structure (and the template) to help you figure out how to create the citation for your source. Remember sources can have more than one container.
Note: The following common examples are meant to serve as examples, but may not be a perfect reflection of the information that you can find for your own citations.
Author.
Title of source.
For an article from one of our databases, follow the format including punctuation:
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of the Article." Journal Title, vol. number, no. number, Date, pp. number-number. Database, url or doi.
Example:
Tran, T. D., et al. “Early Childhood Development: Impact of National Human Development, Family Poverty, Parenting Practices and Access to Early Childhood Education.” Child: Care, Health & Development, vol. 43, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 415–426. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/cch.12395.
For most books follow this format including punctuation:
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title. Publisher, Date.
Example:
Gillespie, Andra. Race and the Obama Administration: Substance, Symbols, and Hope. Manchester University Press, 2019.
For most eBooks follow this format including punctuation:
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title. Publisher, Date. Title of Container, Location.
Example:
Gangloff, Roland. Dinosaurs under the Aurora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central, ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/jeffcomm-ebooks/detail.action?docID=816879.
*Whenever possible, use DOI as the location instead of a URL.
For a page on a website:
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Webpage." Website, Day Month Year Published, URL. Accessed* Day Month Year.
Example:
Marshall, Annie. "Perfect Homemade Pizza Crust - Tips and Tricks." Everyday Annie, 29 May 2010, everydayannie.com/2010/04/29/perfect-homemade-pizza-crust-tips-and-tricks/. Accessed 9 March 2020.
*Accessed is the day on which you found or read the document online. Information on the web can change or even be removed without notice. By sharing your access date, you are giving your readers more background on the source.
Videos can include slightly different details depending on the type of resource and how it was accessed. Always consult the general citation format using what is important so that your readers can find the source. Here are a few possible formats including punctuation:
Episode from TV Show:
"Title of episode." Title of TV show, Contributor*, season #, episode #, Publisher, Day Month Year of airing.
Example:
"All of Me." Grey's Anatomy, season 14, episode 24, American Broadcasting Company, 17 May 2018.
Films & videos:
Title. Contributor*, Film studio or distributor, Release year.
Example:
The Theory of Everything. Directed by James Marsh, performance by Eddie Redmayne, Focus Features, 2014.
When films are accessed through a container like a database or streaming service that information should be in the citation after the release year. Example:
Good Will Hunting. Directed by Gus Van Sant, Miramax Films, 1997. Hulu, www.hulu.com/watch/0bf6e2a3-4a3f-40f3-b0c3-5e108ff8ffab.
For Youtube videos it generally follows the following format:
"Title." Youtube, uploaded by Username, Day Month Year posted, URL.
Example:
"Raw Video: Malala Yousafzai's Entire Nobel Prize Speech." Youtube, uploaded by CNN, 10 Oct. 2014, youtu.be/kmqF9Y2Yq1U.
*In films this can be something along the lines of: Created by, Performance by, or Directed by. Also note, if your source is being used to emphasize a specific performer or director list their name before the title.
Works Cited
"All of Me." Grey's Anatomy, season 14, episode 24, American Broadcasting Company, 17 May 2018.
Gangloff, Roland. Dinosaurs under the Aurora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central, ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/jeffcomm-ebooks/detail.action?docID=816879.
Gillespie, Andra. Race and the Obama Administration: Substance, Symbols, and Hope. Manchester University Press, 2019.
Good Will Hunting. Directed by Gus Van Sant, Miramax Films, 1997. Hulu, www.hulu.com/watch/0bf6e2a3-4a3f-40f3-b0c3-5e108ff8ffab.
Marshall, Annie. "Perfect Homemade Pizza Crust - Tips and Tricks." Everyday Annie, 29 May 2010, everydayannie.com/2010/04/29/perfect-homemade-pizza-crust-tips-and-tricks/. Accessed 9 March 2020.
"Raw Video: Malala Yousafzai's Entire Nobel Prize Speech." Youtube, uploaded by CNN, 10 Oct. 2014, youtu.be/kmqF9Y2Yq1U.
Tran, T. D., et al. “Early Childhood Development: Impact of National Human Development, Family Poverty, Parenting Practices and Access to Early Childhood Education.” Child: Care, Health & Development, vol. 43, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 415–426. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/cch.12395.