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Writing Academic Essays

A guide to writing five types of essays: argumentative, cause and effect, classification, process, and compare and contrast.

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What is an argumentative essay?

In an argumentative essay a student researches and examines an issue, explaining to the reader why this particular topic is important. The writer takes a clear and definitive side on the controversial issue, backing their thesis with supporting evidence.

Since an argumentative essay is written to be convincing, it is important to acknowledge opposing viewpoints. Gale has an entire database devoted to Opposing Viewpoints that can help students explore all sides of an argument.  

Here is a short list of topic suggestions for an argumentative essay:

  • Dress code
  • Should you be able to use a phone in the classroom?
  • Wall between Mexico and the United States
  • Immigration

How to write a good argumentative essay

Assertive language

When writing an argumentative essay, a student must be assertive without being combative or passive. A combative approach could alienate readers, while passivity can undermine a reader’s confidence in the writer. Instead, challenge opposing viewpoints in a thoughtful manner that builds credibility in an audience, without being condescending.

Combative: The vast majority of Covid 19 hospitalizations and deaths are unvaccinated people. They choose to believe misinformation and conspiracy theories, and until they take the vaccine, they deserve to face the consequences of their actions.

Assertive: According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, all versions of the Covid 19 vaccine are effective at preventing hospitalization and death due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, it is recommended that everyone capable of receiving the vaccine take it, especially people that are immunocompromised.

Too Passive: In my opinion, it might be a good idea to receive a Covid 19 vaccine.